Adult scoliosis
When you look at the spine from behind, it should appear straight. Scoliosis is a curve to one side, sometimes shaped like a "C" or "S." Adult scoliosis can be a curve that started in childhood and got worse over time, or it can be new, caused by arthritis and disc wear in the lower back (degenerative scoliosis).
Symptoms
- Low back pain and stiffness
- Leg pain, numbness, or weakness if nerves are pinched
- Feeling unbalanced or leaning to one side
- Difficulty standing up straight
- Trouble walking long distances
- Fatigue from the effort of staying upright
Many adults with mild curves have little or no pain. Symptoms are more likely when the curve is large, is getting worse, or is squeezing nearby nerves.
When surgery may be considered
Most adults with scoliosis are managed without surgery using physical therapy, pain medications, and sometimes spinal injections. Surgery may be considered when:
- Pain is severe and is not controlled by nonsurgical care
- The curve is getting clearly worse over time
- Standing balance is significantly affected
- Nerves are being pinched, causing leg symptoms
- Daily activities are becoming very limited
Adult scoliosis surgery is one of the larger spine operations. It usually involves straightening the spine and fusing multiple levels together. The benefits and risks should be discussed in detail with a surgeon experienced in adult deformity.